基于热熔法的铺丝用预浸纱含胶量控制

针对轨道飞行器用高模量碳纤维复合材料品种多、批量小、质量要求高的特点,研究自动铺丝用预浸纱制备的质量控制方法。研究了直接热熔法中不同工艺参数对预浸纱含胶量的影响规律,运用正交试验定量分析了诸因素的影响程度,研究结果表明：限位辊与擦胶辊间隙对含胶量的影响最大,其次分别为收卷速率、树脂温度、差速比、放纱张力;制备HS40/CY-10W高模量碳纤维/氰酸酯预浸纱的最优工艺参数为：两辊间隙0.15 mm、收卷速率12.56 m/min、树脂温度100 ℃、差速比60%、放纱张力13 N。制备的预浸纱宽度稳定、含胶量为34.0±1.0%、离散系数≤0.79%,满足铺丝用精密预浸纱要求。     

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120°E longitude

In this paper, latitudinal profiles of the vertical total electron content (TEC) deduced from the dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at ground stations around 120°E longitude were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study mainly focuses on the analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) which is an important parameter representing the strength of EIA. Data used for the present study covered the time period from 01 January, 1998 to 31 December, 2004. An empirical orthogonal function analysis method is used to obtain the main features of the TEC-CTR’s diurnal and seasonal variations as well as its solar activity level dependency. Our results showed that: (1) The diurnal variation pattern of the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude is characterized by two remarkable peaks, one occurring in the post-noon hours around 13–14 LT, and the other occurring in the post-sunset hours around 20–21 LT, and the post-sunset peak has a much higher value than the post-noon one. (2) Both for the north and south crests, the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude showed a semi-annual variation with maximum peak values occurring in the equinoctial months. (3) TEC-CTR for the north crest has lower values in summer than in winter, whereas TEC-CTR for the south crest does not show this ‘winter anomaly’ effect. In other words, TEC-CTR for both the north and south crests has higher values in the northern hemispheric winter than in the northern hemispheric summer. (4) TEC-CTR in the daytime post-noon hours (12–14 LT) does not vary much with the solar activity, however, TEC-CTR in the post-sunset hours (19–21 LT) shows a clear dependence on the solar activity, its values increasing with solar activity.     

电镀硬铬工艺对TC6钛合金性能的影响研究

研究了电镀硬铬工艺对TC6钛合金的影响,利用氢测定仪、拉伸试验机、疲劳试验机等设备对镀铬后TC6钛合金的氢含量、力学和疲劳等性能进行了研究。结果表明:TC6钛合金电镀硬铬后基体氢含量显著提高,氢含量合格但接近上限,不能通过氢脆实验。建议TC6钛合金电镀硬铬工艺不应用在高应力集中及高承载部位,以避免氢脆发生。抗拉强度基本不变,伸长率和断面收缩率有所降低,分别降低17.3%和24.0%。TC6钛合金电镀硬铬后由于镀层造成的残余拉应力,使得疲劳极限显著降低,由626.0MPa降低至201.3MPa。     

硼含量及横向取样对定向凝固Ni_3Al合金持久性能的影响

硼的添加增强了晶界的结合力 ,使合金相界面的位错组态改变 ,提高了持久断裂寿命 ;硼的添加细化晶粒 ,增加界面数 ,使持久寿命下降。Ni3Al定向凝固横向试样持久性能不稳定与取样位置有关     

新乡上空电离层总电子含量的经验模式

基于电离层总电子含量与太阳活动性之间的线性相关关系,利用在新乡长期测量所得的电离层总电子含量的资料,得出了总电子含量的一种经验模式。      

三层月壤模型的多通道微波辐射模拟与月壤厚度的反演

由月球表面数字高程试验性地构造了整个月球表面月壤厚度的分布.根据Clementine探月卫星的紫外-可见光光学数据,计算了整个月球表面月壤中FeO+TiO2含量分布,给出了整个月球表面月壤介电常数分布.由月球表层温度的观测结果以及月壤的导热特性,给出了月尘层与月壤层温度随纬度分布的经验公式.在这些条件的基础上,建立了月尘、月壤、月岩三层微波热辐射模型.由起伏逸散定理,模拟计算了该月球模型多通道辐射亮度温度.然后,以此辐射亮度温度模拟加随机噪声为理论观测值,按三层模型提出了月壤层厚度反演方法.由于高频通道穿透深度小,由高频通道的辐射亮度温度按照两层月尘-月壤微波热辐射模型反演月尘层与月壤层的物理温度,再由穿透深度较大的低频通道辐射亮度温度反演月壤层厚度.对于反演的相对误差也进行了讨论.      

多层次多策略的分布式网络信息过滤系统模型

在分析现有网络信息过滤技术的基础上,描述了一种多层次、多策略、可扩展的分布式网络信息过滤系统模型框架.该模型框架包括网络信息数据分析、过滤及转发等功能,采用细粒度的内容过滤策略,在保证信息数据安全性的基础上,提高了数据转发的速度,缩短了数据传送的延时,并可以插件的形式灵活地挂载过滤程序,具有很好的开放性和可扩展性.该系统模型可以根据具体的需求,以模块的形式灵活地重组和配置各项功能,可在分布式环境下协同工作,提高了系统的性能.本系统的各种数据处理过程对用户是完全透明的,减少了对用户的影响.      

多芯片组件（MCM）用金锡焊带材料电阻率及热导率温度特性研究

对牌号为Au₈₀Sn₂₀的金锡焊带材料在208~423 K的电阻率及热导率与温度的函数关系进行了研究，并对其在多芯片组件（MCM）中的传热效果进行了评估。分别对材料在208~423 K中5个温度点的电阻率及4个温度点的热导率进行了测试，基于理论模型建立电阻率/热导率随温度变化的函数关系，最终采用模拟热扩散数值方法评估材料在高温下的传热能力。结果表明，采用修正函数模型后，金锡焊带材料在208~423 K下热导率与电阻率的关系符合测试结果，随芯片表面温度的边界条件从208 K升高至423 K，采用变温热导率模型得到的热流密度模拟计算结果相比理想化恒定热导率模型的差异性逐渐升高至5.5%。综上，金锡焊带材料热导率与电阻率的关系符合Wiedemann-Franz法则修正后的Smith-Palmer方程，在该材料传热设计时应考虑其热导率温度效应。     

Negative VTEC with spherical harmonic expansion model under different solar activity conditions

The Earth’s ionosphere can be described by a spherical harmonic (SH) expansion up to a specific degree. However, there exist negative vertical total electron content (VTEC) values in the global ionosphere map (GIM) with the SH expansion model. In this contribution, we specifically investigated the negative VTEC values that are induced by the SH expansion model and validated the performance of the inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) method in eliminating the negative VTEC values. The GPS data from 2004 to 2017 was selected to cover one solar cycle and the experiments under different solar activity conditions were analyzed. The results in our work show that the occurrence of the negative VTEC values is attributed to the deficiency of the SH expansion model when the VTEC itself is small instead of the unevenly distribution of the GNSS stations. The negative VTEC values appear periodically in the temporal domain, showing apparently one year and half year periods. During one year, two peaks in June and December can be observed in the time series of the negative VTEC values. The number of negative VTEC values in June is obvious larger than that in December. During one solar cycle, the number of negative VTEC values under quiet solar activity condition is obvious larger than that under strong solar activity condition. In the spatial domain, the appearance of the negative VTEC values is strongly related with the movement of the subsolar point. In the latitude of the subsolar point has the largest magnitude, the negative values will appear on the opposite hemisphere and the further from the subsolar point the more negative values. The maximum number of the negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere appears in June, while the peak value in the northern hemisphere appears in December. The maximum number of negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere is generally larger than that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the negative VTEC values are distributed both at middle latitude and high latitude in the southern hemisphere, while they are mainly distributed at high latitude in the northern hemisphere. When the ICLS method is used, the negative VTEC values can be eliminated efficiently and it has nearly no influence on the positive VTEC values. The ICLS method can also improve the receiver’s differential code bias (DCB) and significantly decrease the unreasonable negative slant TEC (STEC) values along the lines of sight. Using the final GIM product of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPLG) as a reference, the root mean square (RMS) of the ICLS solution shows maximum 25%, 20% and 45% improvement relative to the least squares (LS) solution at northern high latitude, southern middle latitude and southern high latitude, respectively.     

电子产品中铅焊接金脆问题浅析

针对航天电子产品广泛采用的Sn-Pb焊料在镀金表面焊接形成焊点的工艺,分析了工业及国内外航天相关标准文件中对焊接后焊点中含金量的要求以及焊点含金量、时效、器件不同封装形式对焊点可靠性的影响,并深入分析了合金焊点金相组织结构,最后介绍了一般去金工艺要求与去金不到位而导致器件失效案例。